Barcode includes 1D and 2D barcode. Often seens ones are QR code, UPC-A, EAN 128, Code 128, ISBN, etc.
To create barcodes, barcode font, Of course, there are some other ways too.
And to read the info encoded into a barcode label, barcode scanner is the tool. There are hardwares(usually handheld scanner, like USB barcode scanner) and softwares to read barcodes. And nowadays, barcode reading app on mobile devices are becoming real trends. A lot smartphone users choose to have a barcode reader to conveniently scan some coupons and other info.