Would be nice to think that Adobe could lever some AI Generative Bleed button into Acrobat Pro, but guessing if they didn't do it with content aware fill in the last ten years they're not going to bother.
You can do it manually and gives really good results but its not quick.
Acrobat Edit Image
Photoshop Enlarge Canvas 3mm where required.
Select and Fill (I'd try first with Content Aware (because its not limited to a certain number of pixels and if not good enough use Generative Fill)
Save and return to Acrobat
Pitstop Select Image and Clipping Mask change Width and/or Height by 3mm.
Think this should be a chargeable fix.