Dot gain
Dot gain
From an ink formulator's perspective:
Lower the tack (tack is the force to split the ink film-stickiness) of an ink, the higher the dot gain. The higher the film thicknesss of the ink on press (weak ink- lower pigment strength), the higher the dot gain. Over emulsified ink (too much water in ink) will print full. Lower the press speed, the higher the dot gain. Too aggressive fountain solution can break the ink down and it can cause the viscosity and yield value of an ink to go down drastically and it can print too full. Poor transfer from the blanket can result in higher dot gain. If the paper is too porous it can cause higher dot gain.
Hope this helps.